The thyroid gland consists of two lobes that look similar to the wings of a butterfly. The thyroid is able to absorb iodine from food you consume. It is the only gland in your body that can do this. Your thyroid takes the iodine and uses it to produce two main hormones, triiodothyronine also known as T3 and thyroxine known as T4. These are the hormones that regulate the rate that your body uses carbohydrates and lipids or fats. The thyroid also helps control body temperature, heart rate, as well as the creation of proteins. The reason for the development of these nodules is usually unknown; however, there are certain factors that have been associated with thyroid nodules including an iodine deficiency, a genetic defect, radiation treatments, and the autoimmune disease known as Hashimoto's disease.

Some people with these nodules wonder about the nodules' effects on the esophagus. In its normal state, the thyroid is located just above the Adam's apple in the throat, draping around the trachea (or windpipe) and pressing lightly against the esophagus (part of the throat that leads to the stomach).Ultrasonography and radionuclide scanning (commonly known as thyroid scan) are generally used for diagnostic imaging the gland itself. The number of nodules present and the nature of the nodule, that is, cystic or solid can be determined by ultrasound or ultrasonography. However, even though malignancy cannot be ascertained, it is a fine indicator of the fluctuations in the size (decreasing or increasing) of the nodule.



Since thyroid hormone is released into your blood while nodules are being destroyed, symptoms can sometimes worsen for a short period, generally a few days or weeks after radioactive iodine therapy. However, that is rare. It is possible that you may have some tenderness in the neck or a sore throat. There are cases where one can also develop hypothyroidism because this type of treatment eventually slows thyroid activity down.If it is a colloid nodule, then no surgery is indicated unless there is cosmetic disturbance or presence of symptoms as dyspnea.Enlarged thyroids are different than nodules in that enlarged thyroids usually affect the entire gland, rather than just having bumps here or there on one or both of the lobes. An enlarged thyroid - also called a goiter - is a benign (not cancerous) condition often caused by iodine deficiency.



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